Japanese art history research paper topics. Apr 19, 2023 · Music History Research Paper Topics.

Japanese art history research paper topics. The Papal States: Power, Influence, and Religious Authority. For my approval, you must Aug 18, 2023 · European History Research Paper Topics. The establishing of Jamestown, the first permanent settlement in America. Research paper project-paper proposal and annotated bibliography (20 points) Due week 9 before the class begins You will research on a topic that is related with modern and contemporary Japanese visual arts (since 1868) and develop it into an art history paper proposal. Jun 22, 2018 · Purpose. It has a long history, ranging from the beginnings of human habitation in Japan, sometime in In this section, we present a comprehensive list of interesting American history research paper topics, carefully organized into 10 categories. The Ottoman Empire Most Important Events. The bombing of Japanese home islands. The Italians surrender. Folded paper creations first appeared as part of Shintō rituals to wrap offerings 100 Global History Research Paper Topics. A comparison of style of different artists. 1 Art Topics Ideas Base on the Artists of the 18th Century. Japanese art consists of a wide range of art styles and media that includes ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, ukiyo-e paintings and woodblock prints, ceramics, origami, bonsai, and more recently manga and anime. Apr 19, 2024 · The Japanese Studies library guide is your one-stop shop to finding research/scholarly resources related to Japan. Bauhaus Movement: An Aesthetic Revolution. United States History. Women’s Civil Rights in France during the 18th Century. Jan 18, 2024 · Interesting Culture Topics to Research for Essays and Papers. Any list of history topics about ancient Greek religion is bound to contain some gems. Jan 18, 2024 · American History Essay Topics on Cold War and McCarthyism. Like Action Painting, the Color Field artists treat the surface of a canvas or paper as a "field" of vision, without a central focus, and emphasize the flatness of the surface. With a focus on diverse categories and subtopics, students can find inspiration and guidance as they embark on their research journey. China and Japan Development in Recent Historical Stages. Melody's growth between two world wars. Through research, students can better appreciate the similarities and differences between their own culture and Japan. The historical Jesus and conflict with Rome. Dive into the Past with Cool History Topics. The 19 th -century Europe Literacy. The Renaissance in England and France. The culture of the Roman Empire in comparison to ancient Greece. Japanese Economic Review. The founding of the Plymouth colony. History Research Paper Topics. The colonization of America. 34. The Role of Sexuality in the Japanese Culture. The number of casualties the US suffered in the war. Research paper topics within this category may include the First and Second World Wars, the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Rwandan genocide, the Falklands War, the Iraq War, the War in Afghanistan, and Introduced by a mission from Korea in 552 C. 33 The Study of Photography as Research about Art. This means that there are over 2000 years in which art has developed and was shaped by the great thinkers of the period. There are These are topics that might help you discover lots of secrets and mysteries. Origami dates back to the seventh century, when the art of making paperreached Japan from China. Greek Jewelry and Adornment: Materials, Designs, and Symbolism. Research the Industrial Revolution in art. The Influence of Alexander the Great’s Conquests on the Hellenistic World. Research paper topics in this category can examine the scramble for Africa, the resistance against colonial rule, and the emergence of pan-African movements. Political Participation of Muslims in Europe. Kanō Sanraku, Dragon and Tiger, early Edo period, 17th century, pair of folding screens, color and gold on paper, 178 x Art History Thesis Topics on the Late Gothic Period. A case study of Mozart's compositions in historical performance. Updated: Mar 1st, 2024. The elements of early European modern dance. Reviewed by Brenda G. The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts. Well-to-do families had long taken the opportunity of social occasions to show off their most sumptuous Chinese tea implements, but this began to change in the 16th century, when aesthetes began to gravitate towards a simpler style. Film research paper topics provide a rich, multifaceted canvas for critical analysis. Religion in Ancient Greece. $6. Study the impact of film in a rural area. Explain your research paper interpretation that answers all the questions about the topic. Japanese Culture and the Misconceptions Associated With It. Another fruitful area lies in auteur theory, assessing the 📜 Dance History Research Paper Topics. For students studying this era, exploring the multitude of Vietnam War research paper topics is a compelling opportunity to gain insights into the complexities Jun 5, 2023 · 217 Film Research Paper Topics & Ideas. Modernism in the 19th century. Research the cultures of theater and film in the big city of a country. The influence of Greek culture on American drama. From US history topics to modern world history, find the best topics to make writing a great paper possible. Apr 25, 2024 · Japan Spotlight: economy, culture & history. Proceed to order. Back to the times when Egyptians have Scholarly sources are generally found in library databases, and popular sources are often found in newsstands. It is a subject for those who love to conduct profound research and unlock the secrets and mysteries of the ancient world. Jul 31, 2018 · Origami Origins. Feb 8, 2023 · Scholars should not be the only ones looking for stimulating ancient history research paper topics. Intricacies of Japanese Tea Ceremony. The Golden Age of Broadway – 1920-1940. Talk about the emergence of NFT art. How, Where, and When Rome was Founded. Politics in Eighteenth-century Europe. History of Expressionism in Western Europe. Kyoto is a city steeped in history Japan Japanese Culture. The study of Colonial America provides a fascinating glimpse into the early history of the United States. The word origami (from Japanese oru [“to fold”] and kami [“paper”]) has become the generic description of this art form, although some European historians feel it places undue weight on the. Compare and contrast Rome’s and Greece’s culture. Students are presented with a wide range of intriguing subjects to choose The Japan Art History Forum’s Chino Kaori Memorial Essay Prize recognizes outstanding graduate student scholarship in Japanese art history. Mar 17, 2022 · The following is a suggested list of topics for your theatre term paper: Brecht and Epic Theatre. Founded in 1895 as a part of the Fogg Art Museum, the Fine Arts Library is among the leading libraries in the world for the study of art, architecture, and visual culture from antiquity to the present. Producing an art history paper is similar to the research-based, analytical essay you might have written for your English literature or history courses. Free research papers are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. Impact of technology on visual art. Celtic Traditions and Mythology. Topics range from ancient civilizations and their impact to revolutions that altered societal norms to major wars and their global implications. Denis in Gothic architecture. Monumenta Nipponica : studies on Japanese culture, past and present. Great Depression Research Topics. Arab Bedouin Traditions and Nomadic Lifestyle. A history of pop music in England in the 20th century. Bridal ceremonies in Ancient Egypt. Using art during the war. 12 US History Research Paper Topics. In this essay, I will be exploring one such place: the city of Kyoto, Japan. World History and Art. Prepare your first draft. Painting as pedagogy. Significant stylistic changes from the Romanesque style of the 12th century. 5. Approx. The Declaration of Independence and the first Constitution of the United States. Cold War. How George Washington made America what it is today. Interesting traits of the Bauhaus movement. This comprehensive list of Colonial America research paper topics explores various aspects of Colonial America, spanning politics, economy, society, culture, religion, and more. To assist students in their research endeavors, we have compiled a comprehensive list of global history research paper topics. From Japonisme to Japanese Art History: Trading, Collecting, and Promoting Japanese Art in Europe (1873–1914) This paper introduces research in progress in relation to a project to digitize the East Asian collection at the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg (MKG). The American Art Journal. Tissue Culturing. This category has some of the best U. The prize was established in 2003 in memory of our distinguished colleague Chino Kaori, and is awarded annually to the best research paper written in English on a Japanese art history topic. So, there is so much to explore! Check out possible dance research project ideas for your history paper: Approaches to rethinking dance history. Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture. Check it out below: Depictions of extraterrestrials in art. Aug 17, 2023 · Conquering space – Russian and American outcomes. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. This page presents a comprehensive guide for students studying history, providing a vast range of topics, practical advice on how to select and approach them, and an in-depth article examining the richness of early American history as a 2 pages / 710 words. The Art In Ancient Rome. 9 Modern History Research Paper Topics. Operation Cobra. He is a researcher and university professor based in England since 1977 and completed his Mar 18, 2024 · Fine Arts Library. The history of postcards in the world. The relationship between the great cathedrals of Europe and the late Gothic period. The Sculptures In Ancient World. Explain how postmodern songwriting differs from traditional songwriting. The relevance of Abbey Church of St. Japanese Culture: Art, History, and Society. Exploring the various aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization can provide valuable insights into their culture, religion, art, architecture, daily life, and more. Aesthetics of painting: a study of an artist’s creations. Our comprehensive list of 100 research paper topics is systematically divided into ten Here are some of the best art in the 19th century topics: Discuss European painting in the 19th century. This comprehensive list of history of Christianity research paper topics is designed to provide students with a wide range of options to explore and analyze. Analyze the effects of European colonization of the North American continent. This sample Japanese Art Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Comparative Study of Western and Eastern Art Traditions. Toshio Watanabe is Professor for Japanese Arts and Cultural Heritage at the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, University of East Anglia, and Emeritus Professor of History of Art and Design, University of the Arts London. For example, check out the evolution of this topic: Causes of the US Revolutionary War. Japan WikiProject. The study also aims to expand the global narrative of Japanese art by introducing concepts behind festivals for revitalization that have been occurring in Japan in recent years. Artibus Asiae Online coverage: 1925-2014. Sep 7, 2021 · Art history research paper topics on ancient civilisations. Origami ( 折り紙, Japanese pronunciation: [oɾiɡami] or [oɾiꜜɡami], from ori meaning "folding", and kami meaning "paper" (kami changes to gami due to rendaku)) is the Japanese art of paper folding. If you are new to using the UCLA Library, please scroll down to "Tips for Using the Library". Explain the role of a short film in making a feature film. Nov 29, 2023 · If you don’t already have a topic idea to investigate, you may find the following suggestions useful. Research of medieval England Gothic art. If you are following a strong research plan, you will. The history of cubism. Influence of Digital Media on Contemporary Art. The following is a list of 20+ research topics related to History: United States History. General Education. Explain the economics of cinema. Journal by National Institute of Japanese Literature. You can find us on the second floor of YRL in the East Asian Library. By choosing an engaging and meaningful topic, students can delve into the life, activism, and writings of this influential historical figure and contribute to the broader understanding of his legacy. Posted by Christine Sarikas. Stirring the Pot: Controversial Topics in History for Research Paper. Oct 6, 2023 · History Paper Questions and Topics. The history of surrealism. The comprehensive list of ancient Greece research paper topics provides students with a wide range of fascinating subjects to explore within the realm of Greek history, culture, and civilization. Jan 5, 2023 · Researching Japanese Studies is essential for students to gain a deeper understanding of Japan’s culture, history, and language. The Stonewall riots: LGBTQ+ rights and activism. Asian History and the Range of Research Paper Topics it Offers. 100 Colonial America Research Paper Topics. 13 Art History Research Paper Topics. 4. Selecting a research topic is a crucial step in the process of writing a research paper on Frederick Douglass. Ancient History Topics. Dive into History: Intriguing 20th Century Research Paper Topics. 113 Great Research Paper Topics. The history of art dates back to the times when our ancestors have painted the cave walls. Emperors of Rome: Establishing the best and worst. The impact of European colonialism on Africa is an essential aspect of African history. The two-year project started in November 2018, and digitizes information on A key reference guide for researching and analyzing works of art and for writing art history papers is the 10th edition (or later) of Sylvan Barnet’s work, A Short Guide to Writing about Art. You could even venture outside the Top 10 Technology Research Paper Topics: See topics related to the cutting-edge technology or dive into history of electronics, or even early advances in agriculture. The Vietnam War stands as one of the most significant and contentious conflicts of the 20th century, leaving an indelible mark on global history. Analysis of the ancient Egyptian murals This page presents an exhaustive guide for students exploring American history research paper topics. The Role of the Shogun in Japanese History. Arrange information according to the plane. Monumental sculptures in the cathedrals of Europe. The following list provides over 300+ questions to help you navigate through this particular stage of the writing process. By digging into cultural patterns, you can explore how religion affected the social, political, religious, military, and economic development of Greece. 100 Ancient Egypt Research Paper Topics. Apr 11, 2024 · These are the 200+ topics on various subjects, which you might find useful when creating your own. Put down quotes you will use, present works of other scholars and add your reflections. create a question that your research will address. British history is a rich tapestry of events, personalities, and cultural transformations that have shaped the nation and influenced the world. Jordan. European Economic History. Most college and university students across the United States find history assignments way too challenging or even uninteresting. World War II. Influence of science on the sculptures from Ancient Greece. Critical analysis of the impact of World War I and II on world history. Fortunately, you can find some of the best ancient art history research paper topics right here: The industrial revolution and the development of art. When it comes to choosing a place to visit, there are countless options available, each with its own unique history, culture, and attractions. Greek Textile Art: Weaving, Dyeing, and Pattern-making. S history topics. Mar 13, 2023 · 31 Architecture Research Paper Topics. The North African campaign. American Journal of Archaeology. 1969 - 2003. Much like the Tomb Raider games and the Indiana Jones movies, these topics will help you relive history. Feel free to book a research consultation if you need help. Feb 11, 2019 · Ancient History Research Paper Topics. The history of Christianity is a vast and diverse field of study that encompasses numerous topics and themes. Compare and contrast the impact of the European civil war and the American civil war. Art has been a significant aspect of human civilization for centuries. Social conflict during the war- The Japanese Interment. When writing an art research paper or discussing Italian paintings, you’re likely to require a good idea. Our collections include extensive textual and visual documentation about individual paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture Paragraph goes nowhere/has no point or unity. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt. 1885 - 1896. Divided into 10 categories, each containing 10 topics, this list aims to cover 100 British History Research Paper Topics. The Battle of Marathon: How the Greeks Defeated Persia. American history, rich in its complexity and breadth, spans across centuries of transformative events, influential figures, and groundbreaking policies. Artistic Influence in the Renaissance Period. Modern postcards. War and Conflict: The 20th century was marked by significant wars and conflicts that shaped the course of history. Mar 11, 2024 · Renaissance Topics. Mar 26, 2024 · American History Research Paper Topics. 21 min. Nov 25, 2019 · Mark Rothko's Orange, Red, Yellow. Since the king of Paekche, a kingdom in the South East of the Korean peninsula, first gave the Japanese emperor a bronze Buddha statue, the Buddhist art forms that were periodically introduced from China and Korea were tempered in the crucible of local custom and usage, to yield a rich Aug 1, 2019 · Celebrated for their one-of-a-kind process and distinctive aesthetic, woodblock prints have become a widely recognized and iconic form of Japanese art. Red Scare and the Hollywood Blacklist. The period in question starts with the British arrival in the New World and ends with the Civil War. 1. Now that we have established how to write a research paper for history class (along with its necessary components), it is time to turn our attention toward potential questions and topics. Apr 25, 2024 · Think of the Boston Tea Party or the American Revolution. Oct 16, 2023 · 10 Good History Research Topics that are Easy to Adapt. Analyze the colonization of America. The cost of world war II on America. Your topic needs to get my approval first. Europe Nationalistic Trends. Barnet directs students through the steps of thinking about a research topic, collecting information, and then writing and documenting a paper. price. 14 Conclusion. Aug 13, 2019 · The history of the traditional Japanese costumes. The main motifs in ancient Roman art. Talk about the focus of 19th century art. In case you need help aside from creating topics, you can also order the original research on Politics, Media & Communication, to do my Math homework, Law, and even Nursing papers for sale on Edubirdie. World history, almost by necessity, is often interdisciplinary in its approach and research methods. Economic causes of the Revolutionary war. Gulf War: Its causes and social effects on the people. . Food Preservation: Freeze Drying, Irradiation, and Vacuum Packing. Specific topics could include the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, the Mau Mau uprising in Jun 8, 2023 · Top Art Research Paper Topics. Visual Art Research Topics. The United States of America has had a rich history before and after the declaration of its independence on 4 July 1776. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. This comprehensive list of medieval history research paper topics covers various aspects of political, cultural, religious, military, economic, intellectual, social, artistic, scientific, and regional history. ”. The main directions of modern art in Europe. Japan This interdisciplinary field studies resources and technologies of various cultures and the transmission of styles and ideas from one culture to another. 34 Artist Biography Ideas. Discuss the emergence of the “Old American West. This list could go on forever! In fact, any of these topics could become even more specific. 1897 - 2018. Our experts have collected these renaissance essay topics for a variety of assignments – check them out! We will write. 1886. Asian history is an epic tapestry of civilizations, wars, empires, innovations, culture, and transformations. Three Events from the First Greek Olympiad. Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on JAPANESE HISTORY. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on To help you out, we have compiled a list of fun art topic ideas. Maori Culture and Traditions. The Harlem Renaissance: cultural movements and African American creativity. Try underlining the topic sentence of every paragraph. Simple & Easy Japanese Culture Essay Titles. Analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution between 1760 and 1840. Ancient worlds have an amazing art history and lots of particular features to describe in your essay. One can explore genre theory and its evolution, scrutinizing the symbiotic relationship between society and film genres, such as sci-fi, horror, or romance. Nevertheless, most of them are largely world history research paper topics. The Pacific war. The American Art Review. Mutual Influence of Greek, Egyptian, and Roman Cultures. Paragraphs are the building blocks of your paper. 2 Artists of the 19th Century. Trends in photography in different generations. Origami, art of folding objects out of paper to create both two-dimensional and three-dimensional subjects. 32 Theater Research Paper Ideas. The history of symbolism. Expressionism and Its Emotional Depth. Industrial Revolution Paper Topics. In this rubric, you’ll find colonial American history essay topics. Global history encompasses a vast range of topics that examine the interconnectedness of nations, cultures, economies, and societies across time and space. E. It spans from the cradle of ancient civilizations to the vibrant, technology-driven societies of today, unfolding a myriad of research possibilities. 10 French Revolution Topics. One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Aug 31, 2023 · The following are some excellent American history topics that you can consider for writing your academic papers such as essays, research papers, dissertations, or theses. Conditions for Slaves During the Building of the Great Pyramid. See World Art Studies Research Paper. 1879 - 1881. Unearth engaging world history paper topics before 1500 to spark your academic curiosity and enhance your research skills. Cubism: A Disruptive Force in Art History. Dec 30, 2021 · 8 20th Century History Research Paper Topics. There are several levels of narrowing a topic, from very broad to something appropriate for your assignment. The California Gold Rush: immigration and economic boom. Take a look at these cool ancient history topics (freshly updated for 2023): Jesus and his conflict with ancient Rome. World War I. Research a particular movement of art, such as Color Field Painting, which was practiced by the Abstract Expressionist family of artists. American Revolution Battles & Key Events. Feb 6, 2023 · The problem of historical continuity of antiquity and the Renaissance. Experts can also find inspiration in various US history paper topics that we have provided for you below: Origin of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. This page is dedicated to providing students studying history with a comprehensive collection of 200 history research paper topics. Jul 29, 2020 · Discuss troops segregation and conflicting loyalty. Often referred to as Japan’s “early modern” era, the long-lived Edo period is divided in multiple sub-periods, the first of which are the Kan’ei and Genroku eras, spanning the period from the 1620s to the early 1700s. Discuss General Sherman’s War. The Causes and Effects of the Fall of the Roman Empire. Write the important points of your paper carefully. The main motifs in ancient Greek art. Images of Orpheus and Eurydice in different arts. Get 10% OFF with 24START discount code. 2. The trading routes of the Renaissance period. The selection of history research paper topics is a journey through diverse periods, cultures, and significant events that shaped humanity. American Culture and Japanese Culture: Comparative Analysis. American History Research Paper Topics are as follows: The Salem witch trials: religious hysteria and persecution. In modern usage, the word "origami" is often used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, regardless of their culture of origin. We sorted them into categories for specificity and made choosing easier for you. The history of dance dates back millennia. Symbolism in Gothic Architecture. For students studying history, delving into the depths of British history provides a vast array of research opportunities. Japanese Culture and Western Influence on It. B55 S55 (1950-Present). Discuss civil protest and Vietnam military policy. Fall of Berlin to the Soviets. Sabine Frühstück, University of California, Santa Barbara. The invasion of France. The best works of William Blake. Constantine the Great. , Buddhism has long been a central theme in Japanese artwork. Protorenessans. Journal of contemporary Japanese studies. The Main Art Tendencies In Ancient Greece. From political milestones to social movements, cultural shifts, and economic transformations, these topics provide a broad spectrum of ideas for conducting in-depth research and analysis. If you want to earn some significant bonus points on your paper, you surely want to write about a cool new topic. Hanging gardens of Babylon – history and representation in art. Nobuo Tsuji’s History of Art in Japan was originally published by the University of Tokyo Press in 2005 and is now available in English translation. The origins of Thanksgiving. Shakespeare’s Hamlet – a psychological study. Jun 2, 2023 · 417 History Research Paper Topics & Interesting Ideas. 11 European History Research Paper Topics. If your topic sentences are vague, strength and precision—the hallmarks of good writing—are unlikely to follow. They've been organized into ten categories and The following are the 10 best art history research paper topics to consider; Comparing artistic freedom and censorship in Nazi Germany. Berlin Crisis and Construction of the Wall. Dance at the dawn of history. Sep 7, 2022 · The appropriation of the “Boston Tea Party” by US politicians in the 2010s. Mar 22, 2024 · This is a selection of art journals in UBC Library holdings related to Japanese art: Bijutsushi (Journal of the Japanese Art History Society) Available in print at the Music, Art & Architecture Library at: N1 . The history of art can be sorted into periods or genres, but its inception dates centuries ago. Abstract Expressionism history in Art. Research Paper Topics American History Before 1877. 120+ Top-Rated Topics for a History Paper. As promised, here is a list of some of the top-rated topics for a history research paper you can write. And these are only two of that era’s most notable events. Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, calligraphy, ceramics, architecture, oil painting, literature, drama and music. History of Art: From the canvas age to photography. The rise of empiricism in Europe. Still, art history is a field that covers an incredible amount of data from the earliest eras of Stone Age until now. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the influence that globalization has had on the development of the contemporary Japanese art production. The Economy of the Greek Cities. The Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids. The Role of Women in Spartan Society. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on history topics at affordable price Mar 3, 2019 · 20 World History Research Paper Topics. Medieval France and its obsession for stained glass. The Role of Church in Medieval Europe. Along with paintings, prints produced from the 17th century through the 19th century captured the spirit of ukiyo-e, a genre that presented “pictures of the floating world” to the public. Mar 1, 2024 · 189 Renaissance Essay Topics & Examples. If your paragraphs are weak, your paper cannot be strong. Aug 11, 2023 · Discuss the impact of online streaming services on the quality of traditional cinema content. 100 Vietnam War Research Paper Topics. Voodoo Practices in Haitian Culture. Space Race and Significance in Cold War Dynamics. Native American Tribes and Their Cultural Diversity. Eisenhower’s “New Look” Policy and Nuclear Arms Race. The book covers Japan’s art history from the ancient Jōmon Era all the way to the rise of manga and anime in the twentieth century. Jun 23, 2021 · The evolution of the tea ceremony had a profound influence on the history of Japanese art and craft. Jun 14, 2023 · 3. The history of Japanese art begins with the production of ceramics by early inhabitants sometime in Apr 23, 2022 · Top 10 History Research Paper Topics. The creative works of popular artists. Feminist perspectives on dance history. Jan 31, 2024 · Watered-down LGBTQ ‘understanding’ bill shows how far Japan’s parliament is out of step with its society – and history. Exploring a variety of early American history research paper topics is a fantastic way to deepen your understanding of the foundations of the United States. 3 most creative uses of paintings. Sculpture in the modern age. One of the biggest challenges is just how many research topics for students there are. Apr 19, 2023 · Music History Research Paper Topics. Ancient Egypt, with its rich and fascinating history, offers a wealth of research opportunities for students studying art history. There are numerous history research paper topics you can choose from. Jazz history: Popular American music from 1933 to 1945. Impacts of the Korean Conflict on Cold War Politics. 18 Sep 2019. Analyze, sort and digest information. It can provide excellent knowledge of the country’s rich heritage and diverse population. gb jv fv mh uk do ml jj ku sl